How Many Tons Can A Dump Truck Haul

Nov 11, 2024 | trucks

自卸卡车的类型及其容量

自卸卡车有多种类型，每种类型都设计用于根据工作要求运载不同数量的物料。自卸卡车的容量通常以立方码或吨为单位，不同类型之间的容量差异很大。

标准自卸卡车

标准自卸卡车是建筑和小型运输项目中最常用的卡车。这些卡车通常可运载10 至 20 立方码的材料，约10 至 28 吨。

自卸卡车和半自卸卡车

尾端自卸卡车和半尾端自卸卡车非常适合需要大量材料的工作。它们可以运载10 至 28 吨的材料，但具体吨位可能有所不同。这些卡车从后部卸下货物，为某些类型的建筑项目提供便利。

侧卸卡车

侧卸卡车是一种从侧面卸料的专用车辆。这些卡车通常可运载10 至 28 吨物料，与标准自卸卡车的容量相似或略大。

三轴自卸卡车https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=330829894580400

三轴自卸卡车专为重型作业而设计，能够运输更大的负载。根据卡车的配置，它们可以承载20 至 30 吨甚至更多的重量，非常适合密集的建筑工作。

超级自卸卡车

超级自卸卡车是公路上载重量最大的卡车之一。某些配置可承载高达40 吨的重量，典型有效载荷范围为19 至 26 吨。在某些轴配置下，它们可承载高达80,000 磅（约40 吨）的重量。

底卸式（腹卸式）卡车

底部自卸卡车非常适合精确放置材料，特别是在道路建设项目中。这些卡车可装载10 至 20 立方码或10 至 28 吨材料，与标准自卸卡车的容量相似。

铰接式自卸卡车 (ADT)

铰接式自卸卡车用于大型建筑或采矿项目。这些车辆可承载25 至 40 吨或更多的重量，非常适合崎岖地形和大量物料运输。

小型自卸卡车

小型自卸卡车非常适合狭小空间和小型作业，容量为1 至 6 立方码，或5 吨以下。这些卡车用于轻型运输任务和小型建筑项目。

中型自卸卡车

Medium-sized dump trucks carry 10 to 20 cubic yards of material, or about 10 to 28 tons. These trucks are often used for moderate-scale construction and landscaping projects.

Large Dump Trucks

Large dump trucks, used in major construction, mining, and quarry operations, can carry over 20 cubic yards of material. Some specialized models can haul up to 400 tons of material, making them essential for large-scale industrial projects.

Haul Dump Trucks

Haul dump trucks are heavy-duty vehicles used for massive loads. They can carry between 40 and 400 tons of material, making them ideal for large-scale operations such as mining and major construction projects.

Double Bottom (Double Belly Dump) Trucks

Double bottom dump trucks have multiple dumping mechanisms, allowing for efficient unloading. These trucks can carry 20 to 40 tons or more, depending on the configuration, and are used for projects that require high-volume material handling.

Factors Affecting Load Capacity

The load capacity of a dump truck depends on several key factors, each affecting the weight it can safely carry.

Material Weight

The weight of the materials being transported directly impacts the truck’s load capacity. Different materials have varying densities, which influences how much can be loaded. Here are typical material weights:

  • Concrete: 3,900-4,100 pounds per cubic yard
  • Rock (2-6 inches): 3,000-3,400 pounds per cubic yard
  • Sand: 2,600-3,000 pounds per cubic yard
  • Asphalt: 2,500-2,900 pounds per cubic yard
  • Gravel: 2,400-2,900 pounds per cubic yard
  • Clay: 2,100-2,500 pounds per cubic yard
  • Salt: 2,100-2,500 pounds per cubic yard
  • Soil: 2,000-2,700 pounds per cubic yard
  • Water: 1,600-1,800 pounds per cubic yard
  • Snow: 1,200-1,500 pounds per cubic yard

Heavier materials reduce the amount the truck can carry in cubic yards.

Axle Configuration

Axle setup also significantly affects load capacity:

  • Single-axle dump trucks carry the least weight.
  • Tandem-axle trucks hold more than single-axle trucks.
  • Tri-axle and quad-axle trucks handle heavier loads, often up to 25 tons or more.
  • 18-wheelers or super dump trucks with extra axles can haul up to 26 tons or more.

Generally, more axles mean a higher load capacity.

Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)

The GVWR sets the maximum weight a dump truck can carry, including cargo, passengers, and any attached equipment. To find payload capacity, subtract the truck’s gross vehicle weight (GVW) from its GVWR. For example:

  • If the GVWR is 50,000 pounds and the GVW is 26,000 pounds, then payload capacity is 24,000 pounds.

Exceeding GVWR can lead to fines, mechanical issues, and safety hazards, including lower fuel efficiency and more wear.

Engine Power

A stronger engine allows the truck to carry heavier loads, improving both load capacity and efficiency.

Body Design and Construction

The truck body’s design and materials also influence load capacity:

  • Steel bodies are thicker and heavier, reducing material capacity.
  • Aluminum bodies are lighter, allowing for more material but supporting lower weight.
  • Rectangular bodies often carry more than rounded or semi-elliptical bodies, though the latter dump more cleanly.

Size and Configuration

Larger trucks with higher walls and more substantial bodies can carry more material, boosting their overall capacity:

  • Standard dump trucks: 6-13 tons
  • Super dump trucks: up to 26 tons
  • Articulated dump trucks (ADTs): up to 60 tons, such as the Volvo A60H, which holds up to 43.9 cubic yards.

These trucks are typically used in large-scale construction and mining.

Calculating Load Capacity

To calculate a dump truck’s load capacity, several important factors must be considered. Understanding these aspects helps ensure that a truck carries weight safely.

1. Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) and Payload

The GVWR is the maximum weight the truck can handle, including its own weight, the payload, and any additional equipment. To find the payload (the weight the truck can safely carry), subtract the GVW (Gross Vehicle Weight, which includes the truck, equipment, and personnel but no load) from the GVWR.

For instance, if a truck’s GVWR is 50,000 pounds and its GVW is 30,000 pounds, the payload capacity is 20,000 pounds.

2. Material Weight Factors

Different materials have different densities and weights per cubic yard, which impacts the truck’s load capacity. Here are weights of common materials per cubic yard:

  • Concrete: 3,900-4,100 pounds
  • Rock (2-6 inches): 3,000-3,400 pounds
  • Sand: 2,600-3,000 pounds
  • Asphalt: 2,500-2,900 pounds
  • Gravel: 2,400-2,900 pounds
  • Clay: 2,100-2,500 pounds
  • Salt: 2,100-2,500 pounds
  • Soil: 2,000-2,700 pounds
  • Water: 1,600-1,800 pounds
  • Snow: 1,200-1,500 pounds

Knowing these values helps estimate how much of a specific material a truck can carry without exceeding its payload capacity.

3. Axles and Load Distribution

The number and arrangement of axles affect load distribution, influencing both weight capacity and legal limits:

  • Single-Axle Dump Trucks: Carry 10 – 15 tons
  • Tandem-Axle Dump Trucks: Carry 16 – 25 tons
  • Tri-Axle Dump Trucks: Carry 26 – 30 tons
  • 18-Wheeler Dump Trucks: Carry 30 – 40 tons

More axles distribute the load better, allowing for heavier loads.

4. Volume and Load Capacities

Dump trucks are also rated by their volume in cubic yards, particularly larger models. Common capacity ranges include:

  • Standard Dump Trucks: 10 to 20 cubic yards
  • Articulated Dump Trucks: 25 to 40 cubic yards or more
  • Large Dump Trucks: Up to 400 tons of material, with a volume capacity exceeding 20 cubic yards

5. Examples of Articulated Dump Trucks

Some examples of articulated dump truck models and their load capacities include:

  • CAT 725: 26.5 tons, 19.6 cubic yards
  • CAT 730 EJ: 30.0 tons, 22.1 cubic yards
  • CAT 735: 35.3 tons, 26.2 cubic yards
  • Bell B25E: 26.5 tons, 19.5 cubic yards
  • Bell B30E: 30.9 tons, 22.9 cubic yards
  • Volvo A35G: 38.0 tons, 27.7 cubic yards

6. Legal Weight Limits

Dump trucks must follow legal weight limits set by transportation authorities. These limits include the GVW (the truck, payload, and equipment). Staying within these limits avoids fines and penalties.

Specific Dump Truck Models and Capacities

Volvo Construction Equipment A60H

  • Rated Payload: 61 tons (60,600 kg)
  • Heaped Capacity: 44 cubic yards (34 cubic meters)
  • Struck Capacity: 34 cubic yards (26 cubic meters)
  • Operating Weight: 217,700 pounds (98,750 kg)
  • Dump Angle: 70 degrees
  • Lower Time: 10 seconds
  • Fuel Tank Capacity: 198 gallons (750 liters)
  • Ground Clearance: 2 feet (1 meter) at the articulation joint

Doosan Articulated Dump Trucks (ADTs)

  • Payload Range: 31 to 45 tons
  • Capacity Range: 22 to 31.9 cubic yards

John Deere Articulated Dump Trucks (ADTs)

  • Payload Range: 26 to 46 tons
  • Capacity Range: 19.6 to 32.9 cubic yards

Caterpillar Articulated Dump Trucks (ADTs)

  • Payload Range: 26 to 45.2 tons
  • Capacity Range: 19.6 to 32.7 cubic yards

Hydrema Articulated Dump Trucks (ADTs)

  • Payload Range: 7 to 20 tons
  • Capacity Range: 4.6 to 15.7 cubic yards

HOWO Mining Dump Truck

  • 最大运输能力：高达 80 吨（并非所有来源都经过验证，但通常指出用于采矿）

每种型号都适合不同的项目需求，从使用 Hydrema 卡车的小型任务到使用 HOWO 卡车的重型采矿。该系列提供各种有效载荷和容量选项，以满足建筑和采矿需求。

法律和运营考虑

遵守重量限制

自卸卡车驾驶员必须遵守联邦、州和地方的重量规定，以确保合规并维护道路安全。主要重量限制包括：

  • 单轴重量：最大限制为20,000 磅。
  • 串联轴重量：对于间距为八英尺或更少的任何两个连续轴，限制为34,000 磅。
  • 车辆总重量 (GVW) ：根据联邦桥梁公式，联邦限制为80,000 磅。

超过这些限制可能会导致罚款、处罚、安全风险以及卡车部件磨损加剧。定期检查对于避免代价高昂的后果至关重要。

联邦桥梁法和公式

《联邦桥梁法》根据自卸卡车的车轴间距规定了自卸卡车的最大载重量。这有助于保护桥梁和道路。《联邦桥梁总重量公式》进一步调​​整了重量限制，考虑了卡车的总长度和车轴数，以平衡载重量和基础设施保护。

各州具体规定

虽然联邦指导方针提供了基准，但各州可能会根据当地基础设施需求设定更严格或更宽松的限制。运营商必须随时了解各州的具体规定，以避免在运输过程中受到罚款或延误。

操作方面

  • 重量分布：在车轴上均匀分布重量是保持稳定性和安全性的关键。重量分布不均会导致卡车翻车，尤其是在转弯时。
  • 称重系统：定期检查和校准车载称重系统可确保测量准确并防止意外超载。

载荷类型和材料密度

运输的物料会影响自卸卡车的装载量。例如：

  • 密实材料：砾石、沙子或沥青等物品由于密度高，很快就会达到重量极限。
  • 较轻的材料：表土或木屑等物质填满卡车车厢但未达到其重量容量，因此体积更大但重量更轻。

车轴配置

自卸卡车的车轴设置对于其负载能力很重要：

  • 串联轴：常用于标准负载。
  • 三轴和四轴：这些配置可承载更重的负载，非常适合致密的材料。

服务时间和驾驶员安全

司机必须遵守服务时间规则，以避免疲劳并确保道路安全。这包括：

  • 限制驾驶时间以防止疲劳。
  • 定期接受防御性驾驶、负载安全和应急程序方面的培训。

负载固定

使用防水布、皮带或链条正确固定货物可防止溢出并在运输过程中保持平衡。定期检查货物是否发生偏移有助于避免事故。

定期车辆检查

自卸卡车的定期检查对于安全运行至关重要。检查的关键区域包括：

  • 刹车和轮胎：确保它们处于良好的工作状态。
  • 液压系统：定期检查有助于避免影响起重操作的故障。
  • 照明和安全系统：确保所有灯光和信号正常工作，以保持道路可见度。

牢记这些法律和操作考虑可确保合规性并优化自卸卡车操作的安全性和效率。