How To Drive Sinotruk

Nov 26, 2024 | trucks

Pre-Driving Checks and Preparation for Sinotruk

Before starting your Sinotruk, perform a set of checks to make sure the vehicle is ready for safe operation. These checks help prevent breakdowns and ensure a smooth driving experience.

1. Vehicle Door Check

Make sure the vehicle door is securely closed. Driving with an open or improperly closed door is dangerous and can lead to accidents. Always check that the door is properly latched before starting the engine.

2. Wheel and Axle Differential

Inspect the wheel and axle differentials to confirm they are working properly. Look for any damage, air line connections, or leaks that could affect the vehicle’s performance.

3. Adjust Driving Mode Based on Load

Set the vehicle’s driving mode according to the weight you are carrying: – Empty load: Adjust for minimal weight. – Light load: Adjust for lighter cargo. – Standard load: Adjust for average cargo weight. – Heavy load: Adjust for maximum capacity. This ensures optimal performance and safety.

4. Perform Pre-Engine Start Inspections

Before starting the engine, inspect the following key components: – Tire Inspection: Check tire pressure, tread depth, and ensure there are no cuts, bubbles, or foreign objects between the wheels. – Lights and Reflectors: Check that all exterior lights (headlights, turn signals, brake lights) are working and that the reflectors are clean and intact. – Brakes: Inspect both internal and external brake systems, checking brake linings, slack adjusters, and air lines for leaks or damage. – Engine Components: Inspect the engine for signs of wear or damage to parts like belts, hoses, and wiring. – Fuel Tank and Battery: Check the fuel tank and battery for leaks, and ensure the battery has enough charge. – Fluid Levels: Look under the vehicle for fluid leaks, and check that fuel, oil, coolant, brake fluid, and power steering fluid are at recommended levels. – Windshield and Wipers: Ensure the windshield is free of cracks or chips, and the wipers are working properly for good visibility in poor weather. – Emergency Kit: Verify that the emergency kit includes road flares, warning triangles, and a properly checked fire extinguisher.

5. Cabin and Mirror Inspection

  • Mirrors: Adjust and inspect mirrors to ensure they are unobstructed and correctly aligned for good visibility.
  • Cabin Controls: Check that the seat belts, steering wheel, pedals, horn, lights, and gauges are working properly.

6. Coupling System Check

If towing a trailer, inspect the coupling system: – Check the kingpin and sliding fifth wheel locking pin. – Inspect air lines, electrical connections, and make sure all components are secure.

7. Additional Safety Checks

  • Seat Belt: Always fasten your seat belt before starting the journey. Ensure it fits securely.
  • Temperature Controls: Make sure the cabin’s climate control system works properly to keep you comfortable and avoid distractions while driving.

These pre-driving checks are essential for ensuring the safety and efficiency of your Sinotruk and will help you drive with confidence.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uuZiB4iCh6s

Engine Ignition for Sinotruk

To start the engine of a Sinotruk, follow these steps:

  1. Press the Clutch Pedal
    Press the clutch pedal all the way down to prevent the vehicle from moving unexpectedly when the engine starts.
  2. Turn the Key to the “III” Position
    Rotate the ignition key to the “III” position to activate the starting system. This triggers the engine start process.
  3. Engine Start Process
    After the key is in the “III” position, the following checks occur:

    • The ECU checks the crankshaft and camshaft signals to ensure the cylinders are ready.
    • The starter motor is powered by the vehicle’s battery to start the engine.
  4. Release the Key
    Once the engine starts, release the key. Do not turn the key for more than 15 seconds to avoid damaging the starter motor.

Additional Engine Start Features

  • Preheating the Engine
    When the key is in the “III” position, the preheating lamp will light up. The lamp will turn off once the engine starts.
  • System Self-Checking
    When the key is in the “ON” position, the system will perform a self-check. All instruments will briefly light up for one second before returning to their normal state.

Troubleshooting Engine Start Failures

If the engine fails to start, check the following: – Neutral Switch
– Clutch Switch
– Fuel Injectors
– Electrical Connections

If the issue persists, try using a jump start instead of towing the vehicle.

Warming Up the Vehicle for Sinotruk

Properly warming up your Sinotruk is essential for engine health and performance. Here’s how to do it:

  • Avoid pressing the fuel pedal too deep during warm-up. This can cause extra wear on the pistons, turbo, and air compressor[2].
  • Warm up the truck for 5 minutes. Warming up for longer can lead to carbon buildup in the injectors, which affects engine efficiency[2].
  • Wait for system pressure to exceed 0.55 MPa (5.5 bar) before driving. The warning light should turn off, and the alarm buzzer should stop. Air pressure should also reach 0.7 MPa (7 bar) before you start driving[2].
  • Check the instrument indicators: During the warm-up, ensure all indicator lights turn off after the system checks are complete. Do not drive until the “STOP” fault indicator disappears on the driver display[2].
  • Avoid high engine load: Do not apply high load during warm-up. This helps prevent premature wear and ensures engine longevity[3].

Additional Considerations for Warming Up

  • Differential and Axle Settings: Turn off the wheel and axle differentials before starting the vehicle for smoother operation[2].
  • Adjust Driving Mode: Set the driving mode based on the load you’re carrying, whether it’s empty, light, standard, or heavy. This optimizes fuel efficiency and reduces engine stress[2].

Regular Inspections and Maintenance

  • Perform regular inspections before and after starting the engine. This includes checking key components like engine oil, fuel filters, and others to ensure proper function[3].
  • Use special oil for the MC engine to avoid early wear. Also, keep the engine oil filter and fuel filter in good condition for smooth operation[3].

Gearbox Operations for Sinotruk

Operating the gearbox of a Sinotruk Howo truck requires careful coordination of the clutch, throttle, and gear shifter. The Howo truck typically has a 10-speed gearbox, so understanding how it works is important for smooth driving and good fuel efficiency.

Gear Selection and Shifting Techniques

  1. Neutral Position: Before shifting gears, make sure the gear lever is in neutral. To do this, press the clutch and move the shifter to neutral.
  2. Starting the Vehicle: Press the clutch pedal down and engage the handbrake. When you’re ready, shift into the desired gear, such as second gear, for starting on a flat surface.
  3. Releasing the Handbrake and Clutch: Release the handbrake, then slowly let out the clutch while gently pressing the throttle to avoid stalling the engine.

RPM Range and Gear Shifting

  1. Upshift Timing: Shift to the next gear when the engine reaches the ideal RPM range. For example, shift from the sixth to the seventh gear around 1500 RPM.
  2. Clutch and Throttle Coordination: When shifting, press the clutch, move the shifter to neutral, and rev the engine to the ideal RPM (about 1000-1500 RPM) before shifting into the next gear. Avoid letting the RPM fall below 1000.
  3. Downshift Timing: To downshift, slow down to the right RPM range (around 1000-1100 RPM). Press the clutch lightly, move the shifter to neutral, and rev the engine if needed to ensure smooth shifting.

Fuel Efficiency and Smooth Shifting

  1. Shifting for Fuel Efficiency: Shifting early—at lower RPMs—can improve fuel efficiency. This reduces the load on the engine and helps avoid wasting fuel, which is important in trucking operations.
  2. Low RPM Shifting: Shifting at lower RPMs (around 1300 RPM) allows for faster gear transitions since the RPM doesn’t need to drop as far to reach the ideal range.

Common Mistakes and How to Correct Them

  1. Missed Gear Shifts: If you miss a gear, quickly rev the engine by pressing the throttle to bring the RPM back to the ideal range (1000-1500 RPM), then try the shift again.
  2. Avoid Grinding Gears: Don’t press the clutch all the way to the floor while the truck is in motion, as this can cause grinding. Proper control of the clutch and throttle is key to smooth shifting.

By following these techniques, you can ensure smoother gear transitions, better fuel efficiency, and less wear on your vehicle’s gearbox.

Differential Locks for Sinotruk

Differential locks are essential for improving traction and stability in difficult driving conditions, such as off-road, muddy, or snowy environments. They help distribute power evenly between the wheels or axles, improving grip and preventing wheel spin when traction is low.

Engagement Procedure

  • Stop the Vehicle: Make sure the vehicle is completely stopped before engaging the differential lock to avoid damaging the differential and other parts.
  • Engage Inter-Axle Lock First: If both inter-wheel and inter-axle locks are needed, engage the inter-axle lock first.
  • Engage the Lock: To engage the inter-wheel differential lock, push the upper part of the switch. This is usually controlled by an electric switch or air valve inside the cab.
  • Slow Acceleration: After engaging the lock, gently press the throttle to accelerate slowly. Do not steer while the differential lock is engaged, as this can damage the locking mechanism.

Low-Speed Requirement

  • Speed Limit: The differential lock should only be engaged when the vehicle is stationary or moving at low speeds, typically under 40 km/h, to prevent damage.
  • Indicator Lights: The switch will light up to show that the differential lock is engaged. The light will turn off when the lock is disengaged.

Circumstances for Use

  • When to Use: Activate the differential lock when driving through difficult conditions like steep inclines, muddy roads, or rough terrain where traction is important.
  • Maximize Traction: Engage the differential lock before facing tough conditions to ensure the vehicle keeps maximum traction.

Disengagement Procedure

  • Unlock Once Conditions Improve: After passing through difficult terrain, disengage the differential lock when the vehicle reaches a smoother road surface. Ease off the accelerator to relieve torque and allow the clutch to disengage.

Maintenance

  • Regular Checks: Periodically activate the power divider switch in a safe area to ensure the valve works correctly and the system remains in good condition.

Important Tips

  • Avoid Wheel Spin: Never engage the differential lock while the wheels are spinning. This can cause serious damage to the rear axle and other drivetrain components.
  • Steering Restrictions: Avoid steering while the differential lock is on to prevent damage to the locking mechanism.
  • Timely Disengagement: Once the vehicle is out of difficult terrain, disengage the lock quickly to prevent unnecessary wear on the system.

Braking System for Sinotruk

The braking system of the Sinotruk HOWO ensures safety and efficiency, with various components working together for smooth and reliable stopping power.

  • Service Brake: The main brake, or “foot brake,” uses a dual circuit compressed air brake system. This design ensures that the brake pedal affects all wheels through two independent circuits, enhancing safety and reliability[1][3][5].
  • Parking Brake (Emergency Brake): The parking brake, also serving as the emergency brake, uses spring stored energy released by compressed air acting on the rear wheels. This system ensures the vehicle stays securely parked even when the driver is absent[1][3][2].
  • Auxiliary Brake: The truck includes an auxiliary brake that uses the engine’s exhaust valve. This exhaust brake helps with braking, especially during long downhill drives, reducing wear on the main brakes[1][3][5].

Braking Mechanism

  • The main brake, emergency brake, and parking brake all share the same actuation mechanism but are controlled independently. The emergency brake may share a control system with either the main brake or the parking brake[2].

Pressure and Warning Systems

  • The working pressure for the braking system is 0.75 MPa, with a cutoff pressure of 0.81 MPa (8.1 bar) in the pressure regulating valve of the dryer.
  • If the air pressure drops below 6.5 bar, the system activates a low-pressure warning light and a buzzer. If the parking brake air pipes or auxiliary air pipes fall below 6.5 bar, the parking brake indicator light turns on to warn against movement[2].

Performance Requirements

  • If the main and emergency brake control systems fail, the parking brake must provide at least 5% of the main braking effect to ensure safety.
  • The time it takes for the braking master valve to open and for the farthest braking chamber pressure to reach the correct value should not exceed 0.6 seconds[2].

Factors Affecting Braking Effect

  • The braking performance depends on several factors, including available braking force, tire-road adhesion, and the vehicle’s inertia[2].

Trailer Braking

  • For tractors, the system automatically engages trailer braking in the event of unhooking, line breakage, or significant air leakage between the tractor and trailer[2].

Power Take-Off (PTO) Operation for Sinotruk Howo

Operating the Power Take-Off (PTO) on a Sinotruk Howo involves several key steps to ensure proper engagement and smooth operation.

Key Steps to Engage the PTO

  • Push down the clutch pedal: Press the clutch pedal to disengage the transmission and prepare for PTO use.
  • Activate the PTO switch: The PTO switch, located on the dashboard or control panel, must be pressed to engage the PTO system.
  • Check the PTO indicator lamp: Once the PTO is engaged, a PTO indicator lamp will appear on the dashboard, confirming that the system is active.

Engine and PTO Speed Control

  • Engine Speed Control: After engaging the PTO, adjust engine speed using the cruise control buttons on the steering wheel. Each press increases or decreases the RPM by about 50 RPM.
  • PTO Speed Control (PSC): This feature activates once all interlock conditions are met. It allows precise engine speed control, preventing the engine from exceeding safe RPM limits.
  • Engine Speed Limits: You can set maximum engine speeds to protect sensitive components, such as hydraulic pumps, from over-speeding.
  • Vehicle Speed Limits: The PTO system can also limit vehicle speed to prevent exceeding safe ground speeds while PTO is engaged.

Types of PTO Systems

  • Tractor Style PTO: Activated when the transmission clutch is engaged. The PTO runs only when the clutch is depressed, ensuring smooth operation.
  • Truck Transmission Style PTO: Used in trucks to power hydraulic systems, such as hoists or winches. Larger trucks may have multiple PTOs for different systems.
  • Engine Crankshaft-Driven PTO: This type, often used in applications like cement mixers, connects a U-jointed shaft to the engine crankshaft to power hydraulic pumps.

Interlocks and Safety Features

  • Interlocks: The PTO system will not engage unless all conditions, like pressing the brake pedal, are met. These safety features prevent accidental PTO operation while driving.
  • Preset Controls: The system may include preset controls that automatically adjust engine speed to predetermined RPM levels when PTO mode is active, making it easier to manage engine speed during demanding tasks.

By following these steps and understanding the PTO system’s features, you can safely and effectively use the Sinotruk Howo’s PTO for various auxiliary tasks.

Driving Mode and Gear Selection

When driving a Sinotruk, understanding the right driving mode and gear selection is key for both performance and efficiency.

Gear Selection

  • Starting Gear: Start in second or third gear on a flat road. This provides smooth acceleration and better control when starting from a stop.
  • Shifting Mechanism: Always press both the brake and clutch pedals before shifting gears. Press the clutch all the way down, move the gear lever to the desired gear, then release the clutch slowly while pressing the accelerator. To shift gears, press the clutch twice—once to disengage, and once to engage the next gear.
  • Neutral Position: Make sure the gear lever is in Neutral before starting the engine. The lever can be moved left or right to select different speed ranges. The gearbox has two Neutral positions, allowing you to switch from 1-4 to 5-8 using the double H mechanism.

Gear Types and Selection

  • Forward Gears: Sinotruk vehicles have gears 1 to 10, with Neutral positions in between. The double H mechanism lets you shift smoothly between these ranges.
  • Reverse Gears: There are two reverse gears—Reverse 1 (low) and Reverse 2 (high). Choose based on your maneuvering needs.
  • Low Speed Gear for Hills: When driving uphill, shift into low-speed gear before starting the climb. This gives enough engine power to handle the incline without needing frequent gear shifts.

Special Driving Modes

  • Creep Mode: Creep mode works with gears 1-5 and Reverse 1. It’s useful for slow-moving operations or when you need more control over the vehicle’s speed.
  • Inter-wheel and Inter-axle Differential Locks: If you need both differential locks, engage the inter-axle lock first. Always stop the vehicle completely before engaging or disengaging these locks, and never steer while the diff lock is active.

Adjusting to Load

  • Driving Mode Adjustment: Select the driving mode based on the vehicle load—empty, light, standard, or heavy. This helps optimize engine performance and fuel efficiency, ensuring smooth driving under different load conditions.

By choosing the right gears and adjusting the driving mode for the load, you can improve fuel efficiency and maintain smooth driving across various terrains.

Instrument and Display Information

The Sinotruk driver’s display provides key information through a multi-functional instrument panel. It is divided into seven areas, each showing vital data to help the driver monitor vehicle performance.

Key Information Displayed

  • Electric Source Voltage: The display shows the electric source voltage from 16V to 32V, with each small scale representing 2V. If the voltage falls below 20V or exceeds 32V, an indicator light will turn on to alert the driver.
  • Engine Tachometer: This section shows the engine speed, ranging from 0-3200 rpm. Each small scale represents 100 rpm, and each large scale represents 500 rpm. The green area indicates the optimal engine speed for fuel efficiency.
  • Oil Pressure & Transmission Gear Info: The display shows the oil pressure and the current transmission gear, helping the driver monitor the vehicle’s mechanical condition.
  • Fuel Gauge: The fuel gauge shows the remaining fuel, where each scale represents 1/8 of the total capacity. A low fuel alarm light will turn on if the fuel level drops below 1/8.

Working Indicators

  • Differential Locks:
    • Inter-wheel Differential Lock: The indicator stays on when the lock is engaged and flashes when disengaged.
    • Inter-axle Differential Lock: The indicator works the same way, with a steady light showing engagement.
    • All-wheel Drive: The indicator stays on when engaged and flashes when disengaged.
  • Lifting Axle: An indicator shows when the lifting axle is active.
  • Power Take-Off (PTO): The PTO indicator stays on when engaged, showing that power is being transferred to auxiliary equipment. If not engaged, the symbol flashes.

Error and Diagnostic Information

  • Error Indicators: The display shows error codes or messages when there are faults in the vehicle systems. Critical issues, like engine or brake problems, are shown first. For example, ABS system errors may display SPN and FMI codes, pointing to specific issues, such as a sensor problem on the left front wheel.
  • Diagnostic Mode: The driver can activate diagnostic mode by pressing buttons 1 and 2 on the display for over 10 seconds. This mode shows fault codes and helps diagnose engine system issues. The diagnostic mode will turn off once the engine speed reaches 300 rpm or the vehicle speed exceeds 5 km/h.

The Sinotruk instrument and display system gives the driver essential information for safe and efficient vehicle operation.

Safety and Maintenance for Sinotruk

Maintaining your Sinotruk in good condition is crucial for safety and performance. Regular checks and maintenance can prevent breakdowns, extend the vehicle’s lifespan, and ensure safe operation on the road.

Regular Maintenance Tasks

  • Engine Oil: Change the engine oil as recommended, usually during the 1st-Grade Service and subsequent services. Always check the oil level and top it off if needed to prevent engine damage.
  • Fuel Filter: Replace the fuel filter or element during each oil change. Clean or replace the pre-filter regularly to prevent contaminants from entering the engine.
  • Air Cleaner: Keep the air cleaner free of dirt and debris to ensure proper engine function and avoid reduced air intake.

Brake System Checks

  • Brake Maintenance: Drain water from the air reservoir regularly and use a barometer to check the air pressure system. Inspect the brake lining thickness and adjust the brake clearance as needed.
  • Brake Components: Check brake pipelines, hoses, and the brake chamber periodically to ensure they are in good condition.

Axle and Lubrication

  • Axle Maintenance: Clean the rear axle breather plug often and check for oil leaks at the filler and drain plugs. Every 2,000 km, lubricate the grease nipples with 2# lithium-based grease and check the axle housing oil level. Every 8,000-10,000 km, inspect the brake bottom plate, hub bearings, and brake pads for wear.
  • Lubrication: Keep components like the clutch release shaft, clutch pedal shaft, and transmission universal joints lubricated. After 5,000 km, replace the lubricating oil used during assembly and check the oil level regularly.

Safety Features

  • Safety Belts: Always fasten the safety belt before starting your drive. Adjust the seats so the belt crosses the middle of your shoulder, not your throat. Regularly inspect the belt for wear or damage, and replace it if needed.
  • Differential Lock: Engage the differential lock only when necessary, and disengage it when not in use to avoid unnecessary wear on the drivetrain.
  • Braking System: Test the footbrake, handbrake, and exhaust brake before driving. Ensure all wheels have even braking to avoid accidents.

Visual and Operational Checks

  • Visual Inspections: Regularly check for leaks and tighten any loose components, including the cargo body, to keep everything secure.
  • Warning Indicators: Always pay attention to warning indicators, such as low engine oil pressure or low air pressure. Address any issues immediately to prevent safety hazards.

Following these maintenance and safety checks will help ensure your Sinotruk operates smoothly and safely, reducing downtime and preventing costly repairs.

Additional Tips

To drive your Sinotruk truck efficiently and comfortably, follow these tips:

Optimize Tire Pressure

  • Maintain standard tire pressure: Keep tires properly inflated to improve fuel efficiency. Underinflated tires can increase fuel consumption and wear out faster.

Improve Fuel Efficiency

  • Smooth Start and Acceleration: Avoid sudden starts or hard braking, as they can reduce fuel efficiency. Gradual acceleration is key.
  • Shift Gears Correctly: Shift at the right RPM range. Low gears (1-5) should shift at 1400-1500 RPM, and high gears (6-10) at 1500-1600 RPM for better fuel mileage.
  • Maintain Economic Driving Speed: Stick to optimal speeds to save fuel. Avoid high speeds unless necessary.
  • Avoid Deep Fuel Pedal Presses During Warm-Up: Don’t press the fuel pedal too deeply while the engine is warming up, as this wastes fuel and increases emissions.

Comfort and Safety

  • Adjust Steering Wheel: Adjust the steering wheel by ±25mm in height and ±5° in angle to fit your posture and comfort.
  • Adjust the Driver’s Seat: Set the seat and backrest correctly to reduce fatigue and improve comfort during long drives.

Pre- and Post-Trip Inspections

  • Inspect the truck: Before and after each trip, check tire pressure, fluid levels, and look for any visible damage to ensure the truck is in good condition.

Mastering Maneuvering

  • Practice Maneuvers: Trucks need more space to accelerate, brake, and turn. Practice parking and other maneuvers in an empty lot to build confidence before driving on busy roads.

Adhere to Regulations

  • Follow traffic laws and safety regulations: Know weight limits, hours of service, and speed restrictions to ensure safety and comply with DOT regulations.

Maintenance for Longevity

  • Use Synthetic Oil: Switching to synthetic oil can improve fuel economy by up to 11% and enhance engine performance.
  • Regular Maintenance: Regularly check the fuel pump, fuel filters, and fuel injection system to keep the engine performing well and to maintain fuel efficiency.