The Ultimate Guide To Semi-Trailer Maintenance

Introduction to Semi-Trailer Maintenance

Maintaining your semi-trailer is crucial for safety, efficiency, and longevity. Regular maintenance helps prevent accidents, minimize downtime, and reduce long-term costs. By keeping critical parts like tires, brakes, and suspension in good condition, you can reduce the risk of failure and ensure smooth operations.

Key Benefits of Regular Maintenance

• Safety: Regular maintenance prevents accidents caused by equipment failure, ensuring that key components like brakes, tires, and suspension are always in good shape.
• Efficiency and Reliability: A well-maintained trailer runs smoothly, reduces the chance of breakdowns, and builds trust with clients by ensuring on-time deliveries.
• Compliance with Regulations: Keeping up with maintenance helps you meet industry regulations, avoid fines, and ensure your trailer meets the safety standards set by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).

Maintenance Frequency and Inspections

• Service Intervals: Non-steered trailers should be serviced every 6 months, while steered trailers need servicing every 17 weeks. This may vary based on load type and how often the trailer is used.
• Pre-trip and Post-trip Inspections: Perform regular inspections before and after every trip to monitor trailer performance and address any issues promptly.

Common Areas to Inspect

• Tires: Check for damage, wear, and proper air pressure. This ensures tire longevity and may highlight issues with alignment or suspension.
• Brake System: Inspect brake pads, lines, and drums for responsiveness. Brake changes depend on how much the trailer is used.
• Lubricants and Fluids: Lubricate moving parts like wheel hubs and bearings. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations to prevent issues from friction.
• Cleaning: Clean both the interior and exterior regularly to prevent corrosion and maintain the trailer’s condition.
• Air Springs and Shocks: Inspect these parts to ensure a stable ride. Look for cracks, leaks, or loose connections.

Modern Maintenance Tools

• Predictive Maintenance: Use data analytics to predict problems before they happen, allowing for repairs before issues arise and reducing downtime.
• Telemetry Systems: Real-time monitoring systems help track the condition of your trailer, enabling you to decide when and how to perform maintenance.

Long-Term Benefits

• Cost Savings: Addressing small issues early saves money over time, cutting repair costs that can reach $15,000 annually, plus another $4,000 for tire replacements.
• Extended Lifespan: Regular maintenance extends the life of your trailers, ensuring reliable service and long-term value.

Importance of Preventative Maintenance

Preventative maintenance is key to ensuring the longevity and efficiency of semi-trailers. Regular maintenance checks help fleet owners avoid costly repairs, reduce downtime, and ensure driver safety. Here’s why preventative maintenance is essential:

Cost Savings

Routine maintenance helps identify small issues before they become expensive problems. For example, a brake check or tire inspection can prevent serious issues that might cost thousands of dollars. A well-maintained truck is also more fuel-efficient, lowering operating costs. Studies show that regular maintenance reduces the risk of unexpected breakdowns, saving both time and money on repairs and fuel .

Enhanced Safety

Safety is a top priority for any fleet. Preventative maintenance plays a major role in finding and fixing potential safety hazards, such as worn-out tires, faulty brakes, or engine malfunctions. Regular inspections of key systems, including brakes, tires, and steering, reduce the risk of accidents and lower liabilities [1][3].

Improved Fuel Efficiency

A well-maintained truck runs more efficiently, using less fuel for the same work. This not only lowers fuel expenses but also helps protect the environment by reducing carbon emissions. Regularly checking systems like the engine oil, air filters, and fuel pump ensures optimal fuel efficiency [1].

Extended Vehicle Lifespan

Preventative maintenance can significantly extend a semi-truck’s life by addressing minor issues early. Regular oil changes, brake checks, and tire inspections reduce wear and tear, helping to preserve important components like the engine and transmission. A truck with proper care can stay operational longer, saving on the costs of replacements and major repairs [1][3].

Minimized Downtime

One of the key benefits of preventative maintenance is reducing unscheduled downtime. Timely inspections lower the chances of sudden breakdowns, which can cost a fleet anywhere from $488 to $760 per day in lost productivity [1][3].

Key Maintenance Areas

To ensure top performance, certain truck systems need regular attention: – Transmission: Check for smooth shifting and functionality [2]. – Fuel Pump: Inspect for signs of failure [2]. – Braking System: Regular brake inspections are essential for safe operation [2]. – Wheel Alignment: Maintain proper alignment to avoid uneven tire wear [2]. – Lights and Electrical Systems: Make sure all blinkers, lights, and electrical components are working [2]. – Engine Health: Regular oil changes and antifreeze checks are essential to prevent engine damage [2].

Manufacturer’s Guidelines and Compliance

To maintain the manufacturer’s warranty and truck performance, follow the maintenance schedule outlined in the truck’s manual. Regular servicing every 10,000 – 20,000 miles should include oil changes, filter replacements, and air filter checks [4].

Regulatory Compliance

Maintaining detailed records of inspections and repairs is necessary to comply with Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) regulations. This helps avoid fines and ensures warranty claims remain valid [4].

Maintenance Schedules

Regular maintenance is essential for the longevity and performance of semi-trailers. Following a maintenance schedule helps avoid costly repairs and ensures vehicle safety.

Basic Service and Inspection

• Every 15,000-25,000 miles: Check lights, brakes, and refill fluids.
• Oil Change:
  • Every 15,000 miles for normal duty
  • Every 10,000 miles for heavy-duty use.
• Grease the Fifth Wheel and Kingpin:
  • Every 3 months
  • Every 30,000 miles.
• Battery Service: Every 6 months.
• Replace Air and Cabin Filters: Every 6 months.
• Air Filter Fuel Tank Vent:
  • Every 12 months for normal duty
  • Every 6 months for heavy duty.
• Replace Shocks: Every 12 months.
• 3-Axle Alignment: Every 12 months.
• Air Dryer Filter Replacement:
  • Every 150,000 miles for normal duty
  • Every 100,000 miles for heavy duty.
• Clean/Replace AHI:
  • Every 150,000 miles for normal duty
  • Every 100,000 miles for heavy duty.
• DEF System Service: Every 150,000 miles.
• Replace Power Steering Fluid: Every 150,000 miles.
• Valve Adjustment:
  • Every 150,000 miles, then every 300,000 miles for normal duty
  • Every 150,000 miles, then every 200,000 miles for heavy duty.

Spot Checks and Full Inspections

• Every 10,000 miles: Check for wear and tear, including brake pads and tire tread.
• Grease all joints, suspension, chassis, and drivetrain components: Every 30,000 miles.
• Complete Oil Change: Every 30,000 miles.
• Check Tires, Brakes, and Hoses for Corrosion: Every 30,000 miles.
• Clean Primary Fuel Filter and Change Secondary: Every 30,000 miles.
• Check Hub Oil, Transfer Case Oil, Transmission Fluid, and Coolant: Every 30,000 miles.
• Truck Alignment: Every 50,000 miles.
• Annual Certification Inspection: Every 100,000 miles or annually.

Periodic Maintenance (PM)

• PM A: Safety inspection every 5,000 to 10,000 miles.
• PM B: Oil changes, filter changes, and engine diagnostics every 10,000 to 20,000 miles.
• PM C: Annual DOT inspection, axle alignment, and predictable part replacement.
• PM D: Seasonal maintenance, including upgrades and major rebuilds.

Trailer Maintenance

• TA or T1: Basic inspection of the trailer quarterly.
• TB or T2: Upkeep such as reapplying grease and retorquing lug nuts biannually.
• TC or T3: Extensive inspection and maintenance, such as brake overhaul or axle realignment annually.

Pre-Trip and Post-Trip Inspections

Pre-Trip Inspection

A pre-trip inspection is essential for safety and efficiency. Here’s a checklist of components to inspect before starting your journey:

• Tires:
  • Check tire pressure with a gauge.
  • Ensure steering axle tires have at least 4/32″ tread depth and all other tires have at least 2/32″.
  • Inspect tread for even wear, cuts, or damage to the sidewalls.
  • Make sure valve caps and stems are intact and undamaged.
• Brakes:
  • Inspect brake pads, discs, and fluid levels.
  • Test brakes to ensure smooth operation.
  • Perform a hydraulic brake check: pump the brake pedal, apply pressure, and hold for five seconds. The pedal should remain firm.
• Lights and Reflectors:
  • Ensure all lights, including brake lights, turn signals, and clearance lights, are working.
  • Check reflectors for cleanliness and wear.
• Belts and Hoses:
  • Inspect belts for cracks or fraying, ensuring no more than 1/2″ to 3/4″ of play.
  • Check hoses for secure connections, leaks, or damage.
• Air Compressor and Airbags:
  • Ensure the air compressor is securely mounted with no cracks or leaks.
  • Inspect airbags for damage or leaks.
• Safety and Emergency Equipment:
  • Confirm the presence of a fully charged fire extinguisher, three red reflective triangles, and spare fuses.
• Windshield and Wipers:
  • Check for cracks in the windshield (no larger than 1”).
  • Test windshield wipers and washers to ensure they function properly.

Post-Trip Inspection

After your trip, conduct a post-trip inspection to identify any new issues that may have developed.

• General Condition:
  • Look for damage to key components like tires, brakes, and suspension.
• Brake System:
  • Recheck the brake system for any new issues, including signs of overheating or wear.
• Suspension and Shocks:
  • Inspect air springs and shocks for cracks or leaks.
  • Test shocks by applying pressure to the trailer’s body. It should return quickly without excessive bouncing.
• Lights and Electrical:
  • Ensure all lights and electrical systems are functioning, and reflectors are free of debris.
• Hitch and Coupler:
  • Check the hitch and coupler for security and wear.
  • Inspect safety chains to make sure they are in good condition.
• Miscellaneous:
  • Document any issues or repairs needed, and note any other components such as the trailer body or frame that need attention.

Tires

Tire maintenance is important for safety, performance, and longevity. Here are key practices to keep your semi-trailer tires in good condition.

Regular Tire Pressure Checks

• Check tire pressures daily: Use a reliable gauge to check tire pressure, preferably at the start of the day when the tires are cool. This ensures the pressure is accurate since heat from driving can give inaccurate readings.
• Check when tires are cool: To get the most accurate reading, always check tire pressure when the tires are cool. Temperature changes can cause the air inside tires to expand or contract, affecting the pressure.
• Follow these steps:
  • Remove the valve cap.
  • Press the gauge into the valve until a slight puff of air confirms it’s in place.
  • Wait for the pressure reading to register.
  • Repeat once or twice to ensure accuracy.

Factors Affecting Tire Pressure

• Tire size: Different tire sizes have different pressure requirements. Always check the recommended pressure range for the specific tire size.
• Tire type: Steer tires and drive tires often need different pressures based on their role and load distribution.
• Load weight: Heavy loads need higher pressure to prevent deformation and damage to the tires.
• Tire brand/model: Always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for pressure settings based on the tire model.
• Weather conditions: Changes in temperature can affect tire pressure. For example, you may need to increase pressure by 5 PSI during colder months to account for the drop in temperature at night.

Consequences of Incorrect Tire Pressure

• Reduced tire life: Incorrect pressure can cause uneven wear, shortening the lifespan of your tires.
• Increased fuel consumption: Proper tire pressure helps maintain fuel efficiency. Underinflated tires can increase rolling resistance, leading to higher fuel consumption.
• Safety risks: Overinflated tires can cause uneven wear, vibrations, and reduced control. Underinflated tires can increase the risk of blowouts, posing serious safety hazards.

Additional Maintenance Tips

• Set reminders: Set a recurring alert to remind you to check tire pressure regularly.
• Regular tire rotation: Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for rotating your tires to ensure even wear, which helps extend their lifespan and improve performance.

Brakes

Maintaining the brake system of a semi-trailer is critical for safety and performance. Regular checks and proper care can prevent expensive repairs and ensure effective braking. Below are the key areas to focus on when inspecting and maintaining your trailer’s brakes.

Inspect Brake Pads for Proper Thickness

• Steering axle brakes: The brake pad thickness must be at least 4.8 mm (3/16 inch) for shoes with a continuous lining strip, or 6.4 mm (1/4 inch) for shoes with two pads. For air disc brakes, the minimum thickness is 3.2 mm (1/8 inch), and for hydraulic disc, drum, or electric brakes, it should not be less than 1.6 mm (1/16 inch).
• Non-steering axle brakes: For air drum brakes, the pad thickness should be at least 6.4 mm (1/4 inch). For disc brakes, 3.2 mm (1/8 inch) is the minimum, and 1.6 mm (1/16 inch) for hydraulic or electric brakes.

Check for Leaks or Damage in Brake Lines

• Brake lines and fittings: Ensure that all brake lines are secure and free from leaks or damage to maintain proper brake function. Leaks or damaged lines can affect braking performance and pose serious safety risks.

Inspect Brake Rotors, Drums, and Discs for Damage

• Rotors and drums: Check the brake rotors, drums, and discs for signs of excessive wear, such as cracks, scoring, or deep grooves. Any damage can reduce braking efficiency and should be addressed promptly.

Confirm Parking Brake Operation

• Parking brake test: Regularly test the parking brake to ensure it engages and disengages smoothly. A malfunctioning parking brake can create safety hazards and legal issues. Keep it in good working condition.

Adjust Rear Brakes

• Rear brake adjustment: Inspect and adjust the rear brakes to ensure even wear and proper function. Incorrect adjustment can cause poor braking performance and uneven wear across the brake components.

Wear Indicators

• Brake lining indicators: If your brake linings have wear indicators, check that they haven’t worn past the indicator marks. This can help prevent premature failure of the brake system.

Cracks and Other Damage

• Pad inspection: Regularly inspect brake pads for cracks or other visible damage. Cracks or excessive wear can compromise braking performance, requiring immediate replacement for safety.

Brake Fluid Levels

• Check brake fluid: Always check brake fluid levels and ensure they are within the recommended range. Low brake fluid levels may indicate a leak or other issues in the brake system.

Brake System Engagement

• Brake engagement: Ensure that the brakes engage smoothly and without hesitation when activated. Faulty brakes can lead to accidents or legal complications, so regular checks are essential to ensure the system is functioning as expected.

Lights and Electrical Systems

Maintaining the lights and electrical systems of your semi-trailer is crucial for safety and smooth operation. Regular checks help prevent breakdowns and ensure compliance with road safety regulations.

Ensure All Lights Are Working Properly

Check that all lights—headlights, warning lights, turn signals, brake lights, and emergency flashers—are functioning correctly. These lights are essential for visibility and safety, especially at night or in bad weather. Test them regularly, before and after trips, to avoid any issues during your drive.

Inspect Light Lenses

Examine the lenses for cracks or holes. Damaged lenses can reduce the effectiveness of your lights and make it harder for other drivers to see your trailer. Replace any damaged lenses to maintain optimal lighting performance.

Check for Loose Connections

Loose connections can be caused by road vibrations. Make sure all wiring connections are secure and free from corrosion, especially at the trailer’s nose. Loose or corroded connections can cause electrical problems, so address them quickly.

Inspect Cable Condition

Check the cable jacket for signs of wear, such as chafing, cuts, or punctures. These issues can let dirt into the system and cause corrosion. Cables that are stiff or hardened may have corrosion beneath the surface. Replace any damaged cables to prevent electrical failures.

Regular Inspections

Inspect the system at least twice a day—once before and once after the trip. Look for any worn or damaged components that could lead to electrical problems later. Also, check for any openings that could allow moisture or chemicals into the system, as these can damage wiring and electrical components.

Ground Connections

Ensure that all ground connections are clean, tight, and free from rust or paint. This includes connections from the battery to the chassis and from the engine to the chassis. Faulty ground connections can lead to electrical issues, so maintaining them is important.

Fuses and Relays

Check fuses and relays regularly for signs of wear or damage. A blown fuse may indicate a deeper electrical issue. Instead of just replacing the fuse, investigate the cause to avoid repeated problems.

Battery Maintenance

Test the battery’s voltage at least once a month. Look for signs like dim headlights or strange engine noises, which could indicate battery or alternator problems. Keeping your battery in good condition is essential for the overall health of the electrical system.

Light Malfunctions

If any lights are not working, check for blown fuses or faulty bulbs. A malfunction may signal a larger electrical problem, such as a damaged fuse or wiring issue. Fix these problems quickly to avoid further damage.

Protect Electrical Connections

Use a wire brush or electrical cleaner to remove dirt and oxidation from terminals and connectors. Apply dielectric grease to major connectors and junctions to protect them from corrosion and water damage.

Use High-Quality Components

When replacing electrical parts, always choose high-quality components. Using cheaper parts may lead to bigger issues, including more downtime and costly repairs. Reliable parts ensure long-term performance and reduce the risk of future electrical problems.

Cooling and Heating Systems

Maintaining the cooling and heating systems of a semi-trailer is essential for engine performance and avoiding costly repairs. A well-maintained system ensures the engine stays at the correct temperature, preventing overheating and engine damage.

Cooling System Maintenance

• Check for Leaks and Debris:
  Inspect the cooling system for leaks in hoses, connections, and the radiator. Fix any issues early to prevent coolant loss and reduce the risk of engine overheating.
• Inspect and Maintain Radiators and Hoses:
  Regularly check the radiators and hoses for cracks, leaks, or corrosion. Ensure the hose connections are secure and check the radiator fins for damage. Replace any damaged parts to prevent coolant leakage and overheating.
• Coolant Mixture and Level:
  Keep the coolant-to-water ratio as recommended by the manufacturer. Make sure the coolant level stays above the “cold minimum line” in the reservoir tank, usually requiring 12–14 gallons for most semi-trucks.
• Flush and Refill the Cooling System:
  Periodically flush the coolant to remove old fluid and debris. Refill the system with the recommended winter-grade coolant and maintain the correct mixture ratio. If the coolant looks dirty, drain it, flush the system with water, and refill with the proper coolant.
• Radiator Cap and Cooling Fan:
  Ensure the radiator cap is tightly sealed and in good condition. Replace it if necessary. Check the cooling fan for proper operation and listen for unusual noises. If the fan makes strange sounds or the temperature rises, replace the fan to prevent overheating.
• Thermostat Functionality:
  Check the thermostat to ensure it works correctly. Replace it if it is stuck, closed, or open, as a faulty thermostat can prevent proper engine heating, especially in cold weather.
• Winterization:
  Install a winter front or grille cover to help maintain the optimal engine temperature in colder months. This cover reduces the amount of cold air entering the radiator while still allowing enough airflow to prevent overheating.

Regular Maintenance Schedules

• Routine Inspections and Coolant Changes:
  Set up regular maintenance checks, including coolant level and quality inspections, to keep the cooling system in good condition. This proactive approach will save on costly repairs and help extend the life of your semi-trailer.

By following these guidelines, you can prevent common cooling system problems and ensure your semi-trailer stays in top condition all year.

Suspension and Axles

Maintaining the suspension and axles of a semi-trailer is crucial for safety, performance, and cost efficiency. Regular checks and timely repairs can prevent breakdowns and extend the life of the trailer.

Proper Axle Alignment

Correct axle alignment is essential for safety and performance. Misaligned axles can cause several problems: – Uneven Tire Wear: Misalignment leads to uneven tire wear, causing premature damage and tire blowouts. This increases safety risks and operating costs due to more frequent tire replacements. – Increased Stress on Components: Misalignment puts extra pressure on the suspension, steering, and braking systems, leading to premature wear and costly repairs. – Handling and Stability Issues: Misaligned axles can cause the trailer to sway, making it harder to control. Drivers may feel vibrations in the steering wheel, affecting handling and safety.

Impact on Fuel Efficiency

Axle misalignment increases resistance, making the engine work harder. This reduces fuel efficiency and raises operating costs. Correcting the alignment of the rear axle can improve fuel efficiency by about 0.3 miles per gallon. Proper alignment helps fleet operators save on fuel costs over time.

Suspension and Undercarriage Maintenance

The suspension system, including air springs and shocks, ensures a smooth and stable ride. Regular maintenance is needed to avoid excessive bouncing that can stress the chassis. To maintain the suspension: – Inspect air springs and shocks for cracks, leaks, or wear. – Ensure air lines and fittings are secure and undamaged. – Check air springs for proper inflation to avoid uneven stress on the suspension.

Methods for Alignment

• Laser Alignment: This advanced method uses technology to precisely measure and adjust axle angles for better trailer performance.
• Manual Alignment: A trained technician uses specialized tools to manually check and adjust the axles.

Regular Checks and Preventive Measures

Axle alignment should be part of a comprehensive maintenance plan. Regular checks and adjustments by professionals will ensure safety and efficiency. Predictive maintenance and telemetry systems can monitor trailer conditions and predict when maintenance is needed, reducing downtime and extending the trailer’s lifespan.

By prioritizing axle alignment and suspension maintenance, fleet operators can improve fuel efficiency, reduce wear on critical components, and enhance safety.

Additional Maintenance Tips

Incorporating aerodynamic improvements into your semi-trailer maintenance routine boosts fuel efficiency, reduces wear and tear, and improves overall performance. Here are key maintenance tips for optimizing your trailer’s aerodynamics:

1. Reduce the Gap Between Truck and Trailer

The space between the truck and trailer creates significant drag, accounting for about 25% of total aerodynamic drag. To fix this, use devices like TruckWings, which deploy at speeds above 52 mph and retract below 50 mph. This simple change can improve fuel economy by about 4.1%[2][3].

2. Install Trailer Skirts or Fairings

Adding trailer skirts or fairings to the underbody blocks air from flowing underneath the trailer, reducing drag from the undercarriage. This can cut fuel consumption, especially at high speeds, with savings over 4%[2][3]. Regularly inspect and clean these components to prevent damage or obstructions.

3. Switch to Aerodynamic Mud Flaps

Traditional solid rubber mud flaps add drag. Replacing them with slotted mudflaps, which let air pass through, reduces drag and enhances safety by catching debris. This simple upgrade helps improve aerodynamics and prevent unnecessary fuel use[2][3].

4. Use Wheel Covers

Wheel covers help streamline the truck’s wheels, close air gaps, and improve overall aerodynamic efficiency. Installing high-quality covers can minimize drag caused by the semi’s 18 wheels, leading to smoother airflow and better fuel savings[3].

5. Add Tail Panels or “Boat Tails”

To reduce the turbulent vacuum at the rear of the trailer, install tail panels or “boat tails.” These panels slope inward to guide airflow away from the trailer. For example, Stemco’s boat tails can improve fuel efficiency by 5.54%, with each panel weighing about 185 pounds[1]. Keep these panels in good condition to maximize their effectiveness.

6. Use Nose Cones

Nose cones made from fiberglass help improve aerodynamics by deflecting air around the gap between the truck and trailer. Installing a nose cone can increase fuel efficiency by 2-10%[1].

7. Maintain Rounded Corners

Rounding the trailer’s corners can significantly reduce drag. Studies, including those from NASA, show that rounding corners can cut drag by up to 54% and lower fuel consumption by up to 25%[3]. This simple change greatly improves the overall performance of your semi-trailer.

By adding these aerodynamic upgrades to your regular maintenance plan, you can increase fuel efficiency, reduce costs, and extend the life of your fleet.

Semi-Trailer Specific Maintenance

Regular maintenance of semi-trailers is essential for safety, longevity, and efficiency. Depending on the type of trailer and its components, follow different intervals and procedures.

Non-Steered Trailers vs. Steered Trailers

• Non-steered trailers should be serviced every 6 months to maintain optimal performance and prevent wear.
• Steered trailers require servicing every 17 weeks due to additional mechanical components that need more frequent attention.

Key Maintenance Areas

Lubrication

• Lube Levels: Maintain lubrication levels every 12,000 to 24,000 miles to ensure smooth operation and reduce wear.
• Monthly Lubrication: Lubricate the steer axle tie rod ends and kingpins for steerable suspensions monthly.

Brake Maintenance

• Brake Adjusters: Regularly check the brake adjusters for free stroke and applied stroke. Do not manually adjust auto brake adjusters.
• Brake Chambers: Inspect brake chambers, fasteners, and check for surface damage monthly or at 15,000 km intervals, whichever comes first.

Suspension and Axles

• General Inspection: Conduct a thorough inspection of the suspension system for wear or damage. Ensure smooth hub rotation, and inspect tie rods, kingpins, S-cam spider bush, support bearings, and cam tubes quarterly or every 45,000 km.

Tire Maintenance

• Tire Condition: Inspect the tires regularly for wear and potential issues monthly or at 15,000 km intervals, whichever comes first.

Lights and Reflectors

• Lighting System: Check all lights, reflectors, couplings, load doors, and mudflaps during regular service to ensure full visibility and safety.

Regular Inspection Schedule

• Daily Inspection: Perform a quick walk-around each day to detect any obvious issues.
• First Service (before 15,000 km): A comprehensive inspection should be done before reaching 15,000 km, covering seals, hubcaps, gaskets, and brake adjusters.
• Monthly Inspection (15,000 km): At this stage, check for leaks and lubricate necessary parts.
• Quarterly Inspection (45,000 km): Check hubs, tie rods, kingpins, and other suspension components for early signs of wear.
• Yearly Inspection (180,000 km): Perform an in-depth service, including checks on conventional bearings and other detailed components for long-term reliability.

By following these intervals and maintenance guidelines, you can extend the life of your semi-trailer while ensuring it remains in top condition for safe operation.

Documentation and Tracking

Proper documentation and tracking of semi-truck maintenance are key to ensuring your fleet’s long-term performance and safety. Accurate records help identify recurring issues, manage costs, and ensure timely repairs.

Maintain a Comprehensive Log

Keep a detailed log of all semi-truck maintenance activities. The log should include these key details:

• Date of Service: Record the exact date when each maintenance task was performed.
• Work Performed: Describe the specific maintenance or repair tasks, such as oil changes or brake inspections.
• Mileage at Service: Track the vehicle’s mileage at the time of service to plan future maintenance.
• Cost: Include the cost of each service or repair to manage expenses.

This log can be kept digitally or in physical form for easy access.

Detailed Entries

For better organization, maintain a truck maintenance sheet with the following fields:

• Make, Model, Year, Engine: Identify specific vehicle details for quick access.
• Fleet ID: Assign a Fleet ID for each truck to simplify tracking if managing multiple vehicles.
• Service Records: Store digital or physical copies of service records, work orders, and mechanic notes for each truck.

Service Schedule

Create a maintenance schedule based on the manufacturer’s recommendations. Refer to resources like Edmund.com’s Car Maintenance Guide to set up reminders for services like oil changes, tire rotations, and brake inspections.

Invoicing and Receipts

Add an Invoice Number column to track the invoice or receipt number for each service. This keeps financial records organized and provides proof of payment for repairs and maintenance.

Total Cost Calculation

Use formulas like SUM() to calculate the total cost of all maintenance and repairs. This helps track expenses and manage your budget more effectively.

Fleet Maintenance Management Software

Invest in software like Simply Fleet to automate scheduling and reminders for maintenance tasks. These tools reduce administrative work and help ensure no critical maintenance tasks are missed.

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

Track KPIs such as: – Average Cost per Mile: Helps monitor repair costs in relation to the miles driven. – Total Downtime: Measures how much time trucks are out of service. – Breakdown Frequency: Shows how often a truck needs maintenance.

These KPIs provide insight into the health and efficiency of your fleet, helping you make data-driven decisions for maintenance planning.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4LqvUGEIpQ